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CWA without Google +++ International development cooperation +++ KDE interview

mercredi 16 décembre 2020 à 00:00

CWA without Google +++ International development cooperation +++ KDE interview

In our December Newsletter, read about the German Corona Warn App being published independently to extend software freedom, learn about public code in international development cooperation, enjoy an interview with Cord-Landwehr from KDE about REUSE adoption, one about the Zurich local group receiving a DINACon award and much more.

German Corona tracing app available without Google services

Christian Grigis, Fynn Godau, Marcus Hoffmann and Marvin Wißfeld achieved what official bodies have been missing for months: They have made available the German "Corona Warn App" (CWA) for tracing Covid-19 risk contacts in a version that is completely free of dependencies on Google and is available in F-Droid, the Free Software app store.

Initial release of the CWA was in June and the FSFE's demand that any Corona tracking app must be used voluntarily and be Free Software has been followed. However, the implemented exchange of device keys via Bluetooth, on the basis of which the risk is calculated, is handled by an underlying interface called Exposure Notifications API, which was, significantly, developed by Apple and Google and was largely proprietary. One also had to use proprietary Google Play Services or the iTunes store to install it.

So while on the one hand we were satisfied that the publicly funded CWA has been released as Free Software, we raised the question what is all this freedom worth if the solution depends on third-party proprietary blobs? And if one has to use proprietary software to install them?

Indepently published in F-Droid

A first major improvement towards fixing this issue was provided by Free Software developer and FSFE supporter Marvin Wißfeld in September. He built the exposure notification functionality into microG, a Free Software implementation of the proprietary Google services. This allowed at least people who owned a Google-free Android phone and had microG installed to use various Corona apps.

A few days ago, Christian Grigis, Fynn Godau, Marcus Hoffmann and Marvin Wißfeld went one step farther. They integrated the exposure notification component of microG directly into the German Corona Warn App. This so-called Drop-In-Replacement enables even people who have neither the Google services nor their Free Software alternative microG installed, to use the CWA. They also made the app available on F-Droid, an app store with exclusively Free Software.

We would like to thank all persons involved who made the use of the CWA in Germany possible without having to accept any loss of software freedom. Furthermore, the FSFE appeals to governments and administrations to publish developed software as Free Software, to break dependencies on Google's and Apple's app stores and instead make their apps installable from independent sources like F-Droid and to renounce proprietary dependencies.

FSFE demands public code in international development cooperation

International development cooperation is increasingly digitised. Whether in agriculture, industrial production, health care or public administration, the development and maintenance of modern social processes is no longer conceivable without software. Free Software thus is becoming a fundamental technology to reach the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. International development cooperation strives to achieve the UN sustainability goals by improving global conditions and the empowering of local partners. As in the case of Software Freedom in general, in international development cooperation existing dependencies should be reduced and new dependencies avoided at all costs.

Together with experts in the field, the FSFE summarises these interrelations in an article and demands that publicly funded software in international development cooperation be published as Free Software.

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Upcoming events

PMPC Video in Dutch

FSFE supporters from the Netherlands created a Dutch video translation of the popular Public Money? Public Code! campaign video. After a sneak preview on the 25th of November in the Netherlands online get-together, you can now watch it yourself.

Ralf Hersel, Coordinator of the FSFE lokal group Zürich on behalf of the DINACon Special Award 2020. (in German)

Nico Rikken, the FSFE coordinator Netherlands who mainly coordinated the project, wrote a detailed blog-post about the whole process - from subtitle translation to the audio recording to its final editing and mastering. Nico wrote it for your curiosity but also for you to pick it up: "I wrote this blogpost, to encourage you to do it too and save you time by suggesting a methodology. In the process I learned some new skills and got to use some free software that was new to me."

With the Dutch version, the Public Money? Public Code! campaign video is now translated and audio-dubbed in seven languages (DE, EN, FR, IT, NL, PT, RU) and subtitled in nine languages (DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, NL, PT, SK, RU). If you would like to see your language added to the list, get in contact with Nico or the FSFE.

What have we done? Inside and outside the FSFE

From the Planet

Get Active: 20 years of FSFE

This time we do not have a particular get active item for you but a general reminder that next year we shall have had 20 years of FSFE and we would like to celebrate that with you. So watch our news. There will be some interesting backgrounds on the FSFE's history. We will introduce you to some of our well-established community members and also dig into past success stories as well as some funny fails we made. In particular watch out for the several participative campaigns we are planning; we look forward to seeing many of you taking part.

Call to apply for FSFE support for your local project

We are currently running our second call for FSFE community projects. We happily support you with our expertise, our information material, our networks, or even financially. Participating is as simple as filling out a short online form until 10 January 2021.

Among the successful applications in the last round is GnuLinux.ch, which we support with promotion, a new logo, stickers, and a microphone set for their regular podcast. Another project we will support is Freedombox install events, which we will support with premises. If you need support for a FSFE community project, don't hesitate to apply.

Contribute to our newsletter

If you would like to share any thoughts, pictures, or news, please send them to us. As always, the address is newsletter@fsfe.org. We are looking forward hearing from you!

If you also want to support us and our work, join our community and support us with a donation or a monthly contribution.

Thanks to our community and all the volunteers, supporters, and donors who make our work possible. And thanks to our translators, who enable you to read this newsletter in your native languages.

Your editor, Erik Albers

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Interview with A. Cord-Landwehr about REUSE adoption in the KDE community

mardi 15 décembre 2020 à 00:00

Interview with A. Cord-Landwehr about REUSE adoption in the KDE community

In just three years, our REUSE initiative has successfully changed licensing practices of at least over five hundred projects. From its adoption by NGI0 projects to a Corona Warn App to KDE, 2020 marks another successful year of this campaign. We used the chance to speak with Andreas Cord-Landwehr about REUSE adoption in the KDE community.

In 2017, the FSFE launched its REUSE campaign and it not only has received many important updates since then but also an overwhelming international attention. Since the release of version 3.0 last year, we have been focusing on supporting Free Software projects in adopting the underlying best practices. And 2020 marks another successful year of this initiative.

On one hand this is thanks to the FSFE's role as a consortium member of the Next Generation Internet Zero (NGI0). In this position, the FSFE's legal team assists all participating software projects with any Free Software copyright and licensing issues that they may run into. And we are encouraging and assisting the projects in becoming REUSE compliant. More than 150 projects that we are reviewing in the scope of our NGI0 involvement are in process of adopting the REUSE specifications and many of them are already REUSE compliant.

Recently we became aware of a very prominent project who applied our REUSE best practices, the German Corona Warn App Server and its iOS app. This is another milestone in our message that any Corona tracing apps - being developed with public money - having to be published as Free Software. Followed by the great success Free Software hackers achieved in publishing a "Corona Warn App" version that is completely free of pre-existing dependencies on Google.

But the news that made us most happy this year regarding REUSE was about a project that is even more prominent in our community: one of the biggest and oldest Free Software projects, the well-known KDE community, included REUSE in their licensing policy and they already migrated all their frameworks to the recommended standard. To shed light on the reasons and practices behind this huge step we conducted an Interview with Andreas Cord-Landwehr, long-term developer at KDE.

Andreas Cord-Landwehr joined the KDE Community in 2011 and since then primarily contributed to KDE's educational software applications. His main interests today are KDE frameworks and exploring the usage of KDE software in embedded systems. He believes that Free Software is a key factor in solving many problems of today in a way, which proprietary software never could achieve.

FSFE: How did you become aware of the REUSE project? How can one imagine the road from bringing up the idea to its actual implementation in such a large community as KDE is?

Cord-Landwehr: During our annual KDE conference in 2019, we had a workshop for planning the next major release of our libraries, commonly known as KDE Frameworks. During that session we talked about improving our license consistency by introducing SPDX identifiers, a core element of REUSE's best practices. Our goal was to establish automatic tools that would help to ensure license statement quality. This is quite important to KDE, because we have a long history and there are even files in our codebase, which are actually older than some of our contributors. Thus, those files might have seen many edits and license versions over the years.

"From the outside, it might look that the process of deciding and implementing something like REUSE might be tedious in a big community. But actually, it was quite straight-forward."

From the outside, it might look that the process of deciding and implementing something like REUSE might be tedious in a big community. But actually, it was quite straight-forward: as a kickoff I sent a proposal mail to our community list to start the discussion. In response to this, I was made aware of the REUSE initiative for the first time. And since the feedback was quite positive, the discussion resulted in a proposal to change our license policy with the goal to make it REUSE compatible. This proposal was backed with a detailed blog post that explained the background and the reasoning why to follow REUSE.

Well, the discussion quickly went to, "Yeah, let's do it" - and so we did. Of course, after some waiting time to ensure that everybody was aware of the move.

What are the KDE frameworks that you made REUSE compliant?

KDE Frameworks are a set of libraries on top of Qt. Many of these libraries provide useful stand alone functionality, like a library for handling archive files like zip, a library for barcode generation, a UI framework for touch interfaces etc. And then there are also those that help to make KDE software more consistent and integrated. As such, our KDE frameworks are a product of their own and especially the first group of libraries are used in many projects and businesses that build on top of Qt. For these "customers" of our frameworks, it is very important to have a clear licensing statement and ways to assure the statement is true.

"We spend quite some time in manual checking of license consistency and even relicensing of files. For me, it was a key goal to simplify and improve this process by involving automatic checks and tools."

Why is it actually important for KDE to clarify licensing and copyright of their code?

We have many libraries containing source code that originates from different decades and originally might even have been developed for another library. To ensure that we still get distributable artifacts, we have a license policy which focuses on movability of source code within our code base. However, errors can be made and we spend quite some time in manual checking of license consistency and even relicensing of files in order to gain a desired outbound license of a library or application. For me, it was a key goal to simplify and improve this process by involving automatic checks and tools.

Have you ever tried other approaches of standardised licensing efforts? What do you like about REUSE in particular?

Over the years I saw other approaches for standardising licensing, but at the end, there are two key features of REUSE for me: even simple tools or scripts suffice to check REUSE compliance and to get data out of the license statements. Which is important because it allows to create custom tooling tailored to your project's needs. Secondly, REUSE focuses on being simple to use for developers. In a big community like KDE you often have newcomers or one-time contributors and it helps a lot if they can state licenses correctly and consistently with ease.

In which steps and with which tools did you reach complete REUSE compliance in the KDE frameworks?

The main tool we use for our conversion is licensedigger. This is a self-crafted tool that I started with the only purpose of converting traditional license headers, with all their quirks and funny different statements, to well-formed REUSE compatible license headers. It also assists with the initial conversion of a code repository by adding the required license text files and reporting an overview of the used licenses. For the conversion we use a dedicated tool because we wanted to enforce a very strict license detection mechanism, and it allows to focus on reviewing the reference license texts that are added to the tool instead of reviewing every single license header when it gets replaced. As soon as a repository is converted to being REUSE compatible, we switch to use the REUSE tool to do quality assurance.

Another, still emerging tool, is a CMake build system plugin I created to instrument the REUSE tool together with the build system information, in particular which source file is compiled into which artifact. This allows to generate license consistency checks as simple unit tests, which warn the developer if accidentally incompatible licenses are combined.

"Believe it or not, there are nicer things in the world than doing or reviewing license statement conversions all day long."

What are the next steps for REUSE in KDE?

Our codebase is big and major parts are still waiting to be converted into being REUSE compatible. But there is progress! And I am extremely happy that this progress comes from many different people and not just from one person. Believe it or not, there are nicer things in the world than doing or reviewing license statement conversions all day long :-)

If you could change or improve one thing in REUSE, what would it be?

So far we mostly talked about inbound licenses. But I think that for compiled languages like C++ it is important to also take binary artifacts and their outbound licenses into the picture. This is a task that many distributions handled over the years with custom license checkers and an enormous amount of manual review, to ensure that the source licenses are compatible with the distributed outbound licenses.

I believe that it is possible to find a way that states the outbound license in a standardised way, which would make those statements reusable for users of a binary artifact. This would allow a completely new dimension of automatic license compatibility checks.

Thank you very much for this interview!

If you like the REUSE initiative, please consider donating to the FSFE. Help us keep our work going and assist more projects to become REUSE compliant. With this button you can dedicate your donation to financing the REUSE project in particular and help to get our message heard.

Donate Now

In addition you can do it like Greg Kroah-Hartman and help us by spreading the word about our REUSE initiative. Let people know about the benefits of standardised and machine-readable licensing by following the REUSE guidelines, point them to the REUSE homepage or write about it in your favorite communication channels. You can use our new screencast for your promotion.

Companies are invited to become REUSE sponsors and thereby support the REUSE initiative sustainably.

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FSFE Local Group Zurich receives DINAcon Award

vendredi 11 décembre 2020 à 00:00

FSFE Local Group Zurich receives DINAcon Award

In 2019, the FSFE's local group Zurich has launched the "Learn like the pros" campaign. Goal of the campaign is to present solutions for the use of Free Software in education. Recently, the campaign was awarded the DINACon Award. On this behalf we interviewed the coordinators Ralf Hersel and Gian-Maria Daffré.

Unfortunately, non-Free Software is still increasingly used in the educational environment. Proprietary software however does not offer students and teachers the opportunity to study and adapt the functionality and principles of the software in use. In order to promote the digital maturity and sovereignty of the students as well as the teaching staff, Free Software should be consistently used in education instead. In order to get one step closer to this goal, the FSFE local group Zurich has picked up the topic with its own campaign called "Lernen wie die Profis" (German for "Learning like the pros"). The content of the campaign includes arguments and background information about the use of Free Software in the educational environment - combined with concrete solution and software proposals.

Recently the campaign won the DINAcon Special Award 2020. This is an award for the campaign, but also for the local engagement and commitment of the FSFE local group Zurich. We took this award as an opportunity to introduce the campaign through an interview with the local Zurich coordinators Ralf Hersel and Gian-Maria Daffré ('Giammi').

Ralf Hersel has been involved since 2015, when the Tuxeros group merged with FSFE's Zurich local group. Since 2020 he is the coordinator of the group.

Gian-Maria Daffré ('Giammi') has also been a member of the local group in Zurich since 2015, where he is vice-coordinator. Giammi is also coordinator of the Swiss team.

FSFE: 2020 is a year in which e-learning and remote digital learning has increased in use and distribution worldwide. Is this a development to be welcomed and to what extent have these developments influenced the individual digital sovereignty of students?

Ralf and Giammi: 'Welcomed' is probably the wrong word for the circumstances, which have been caused by the pandemic. We would rather see it as a necessity introduced by reality. E-learning already existed before, but not to the extent that we currently see. Due to the deferral from physical to digital space the significance of digital sovereignty has increased enormously. Both, students and teachers, are confronted with a situation for which they were not prepared; neither mentally nor technically.

"Our task is to help understand digital sovereignty as an essential criteria for self-determined decisions and to establish action accordingly."

The concept and meaning of 'digital sovereignty' is still far from being consciously adopted by those affected. Unfortunately, the popularity of proprietary applications like Zoom and Microsoft Teams just proves that. Our task is to help understand digital sovereignty as an essential criteria for self-determined decisions and to establish action accordingly.

In this light, the FSFE's Zurich local group has launched the campaign "Learning how the Professionals", "to promote the use of Free Software in schools and universities". What exactly does the concept of "Learning for the professionals" include?

The 'Learn like the pros' campaign has three goals:

  1. Inform about the importance of digital sovereignty at educational institutions.
  2. To show concrete solutions for the use of Free Software systems in education.
  3. Cite positive examples where schools and universities have taken up the challenge and successfully completed a transformation towards Free Software.

Is the campaign specifically tailored towards the Swiss audience or is the collected knowledge of universal validity?

At the FSFE local group Zurich we think both, locally and globally. The concrete alignments however depend on the target audience. For example, one of our campaigns, 'Freedomvote', is targeting the political process in Switzerland. Also our Participation in Swiss events - such as Informatiktage Zürich, Open Education Day, DINAcon or our training series 'Selfhosting' at DigiComp - focus on the Swiss market. The campaigns 'Fotobuch' and 'Lernen wie die Profis', and the news channel 'GNU/Linux.ch' however are targeting to the European, respectively German society.

"The team and all involved were convinced by the positive power of the of the name."

How did you come up with the campaign, was there an initial spark and how did the implementation work?

The idea of addressing educational institutions has been fermenting for some years now in our heads. Different ideas were discussed, tried out and discarded. An important milestone was CERN's decision to withdraw from Microsoft and to rely more on Free Software. This event gave Ralf the idea to develop a campaign and give it the name 'Learning like the pros' (#LwdP). We coordinated this in the team and all invovled were convinced by the positive power of the of the name. 'Learning like the pros' attracts the curios mind of research among female and male students. When professionals use Free Software, students will do alike.

The FSFE local group Zurich recently won the DINAcon award for campaign. What does this award mean for you and for the project?

Since there was only one nomination in the award category 'Open Education', we have been very pleased that DINAcon created a new category especially for us, the 'Special Award'. We are very happy about this award, because it is the first one ever and because it means that we have an appreciation and support which we can use as a reward for our work. It is a great motivation for the past and future efforts in this FSFE campaign.

Ralf Hersel, Coordinator of the FSFE lokal group Zürich on behalf of the DINACon Special Award 2020. (in German)

Are there experiences and learnings you would like to share with others? Maybe with a view to other local groups of the FSFE who might plan a similar project?

There are many experiences and lessons that we can learn from this project. On the one hand, we got to know many like-minded initiatives, such as Digitalcourage's commitment to Free Software in schools. Especially with regard to the current developments in Baden-Württemberg, we were astonished by the commitment of civil society actors towards digital sovereignty in schools.

On the news portal GNU/Linux.ch, which is maintained by Ralf and Lioh, there were many helpful discussions and ideas on this topic. Besides the many positive experiences we can also draw a worrying conclusion from the FSFE campaign work. The metaphor of the few and tired Free Software developers, also applies to this project work.

Background: The FSFE local group Zurich exists since 2010. Current coordinators are Ralf Hersel with Gian-Maria Daffré as vice-coordinator. Prior to the "Learn like the pros" campaign presented in this article, the group has already launched the campaign Freedomvote. The group meets every second Thursday of the month. Usually at the digital agency Liip in Zurich, currently online via Big Blue Button. If you feel like joining the group now, just drop by.

If you don't live in Zurich and now feel like getting actively involved in a local FSFE group, then see if there is a group in your city. Or join our German language mailing list. And please support our association with a small donation.

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Public code for publicly financed international development cooperation

jeudi 10 décembre 2020 à 00:00

Public code for publicly financed international development cooperation

International development cooperation is increasingly digitised. Free Software thus is becoming a fundamental technology to reach the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals. Together with experts in the field, the FSFE summarises these interrelations in an article and demands publicly funded software to be published as Free Software.

Inherent attributes of Free Software and its communities include equal access to the sources, an international culture of sharing and developing software together for the benefit of everyone. While many of us find these freedoms to be universally acceptable, we see that this is not the case once we look in the world of proprietary software. Unfortunately, the same is to be said for the distribution of natural resources around the globe.

In 2015 the United Nations General Assembly set the Sustainable Development Goals, aiming at "a better and sustainable future for all" by trying to reduce inequalities and offer equal access to the most basic resources of our societies like food, health and education. International development cooperation strives to achieve the UN sustainability goals by improving global conditions and the empowering of local partners. In some extend similar as to software freedom, existing dependencies should be reduced and new dependencies avoided at all costs.

Nowadays, international development cooperation is becoming increasingly digitised and shifting its focus towards digital cooperation. Whether in agriculture, industrial production, health care or public administration, the development and maintenance of modern social processes is no longer conceivable without software. To some extent functional software becomes the basic technology of social organization as well as of modern administrative services. The roll-out of proprietary software, however, exacerbates the dependencies of users in the developing countries on the currently market-dominating software industry from the present industrial countries. Free Software, in contrast, allows emancipation and independence of its users - be they individuals or state-owned organisations.

Free Software allows development investments once made to be reused around the globe without (further) license costs and without legal or technical restrictions. The simultaneous publication of its source code on public code repositories also enables one's own software development to profit from reusing, improving and republishing by other actors around the globe. In terms of international cooperation, the freely licensed source code serves as a basis for organized or self-empowered knowledge multiplication and transfer. Free Software allows the development of digital cornerstones and provides international standards without creating new monopolies and dependencies.

The reasons just mentioned show that Free Software is an essential part of any sustainable digital development. Consequently, the "Principles for Digital Development" require the publication of software, data and standards under free licenses. The FSFE, together with experts from the German Corporation for International Cooperation, has analyzed and put together the main benefits for international development cooperation when relying on Free Software in one article.

The article is part of our series about the basics of Free Software. It delivers background on the ongoing process of digitisation in international devlopment cooperation, its effects and the status quo. It sheds light on the multiple benefits that international development cooperation can profit from, when using and developing Free Software. They build reason the FSFE demanding that in all international development cooperation, any software development (co-)financed with public money be published as Free Software.

Read the article

Nico Lück, co-author of the article and expert from the German Corporation for International Cooperation sums up: "Minimising dependencies and building up local partner capacities fosters sustainability of IT solutions: Free Software and other open resources are the enabling instruments to be preferred and promoted for sustainable development cooperation."

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German Corona tracing app available without Google services

mardi 8 décembre 2020 à 00:00

German Corona tracing app available without Google services

A handful of Free Software developers today achieved what official bodies have been missing for months: They have made available the German Corona Warn App for tracking Covid-19 risk contacts in a version that is completely free of dependencies on Google and available in the F-Droid, the Free Software app store.

Already in April this year, the FSFE formulated two fundamental requirements for so-called Corona apps. First, there must be no obligation to use them, and second, they must be available as Free Software. At first glance, the German Corona Warn App (CWA) published in June, meets these criteria, like many others in Europe by now. However, the exchange of device keys via Bluetooth, on the basis of which the risk is calculated, is handled by an underlying interface.

The problem is that this interface software, called Exposure Notifications API and significantly developed by Apple and Google, is largely proprietary. This means it cannot be freely used, investigated, distributed and improved. In Google's Android operating system it is also necessary to install and use the Play Services. These Google services intervene deeply in the system and undermine the digital sovereignty of the users. By default, this prevents the use of many Corona apps for people who value privacy and software freedom on their Android devices.

Volunteers solve problems step by step

A first major improvement was provided by Free Software developer and FSFE supporter Marvin Wißfeld in September. He built the exposure notification functionality into microG, a Free Software implementation of the proprietary Google services. This allows at least people who own a Google-free Android phone and have microG installed to use various Corona apps.

Free Software implementation of the underlying Exposure Notification API in microG

A few days ago, Christian Grigis, Fynn Godau, Marcus Hoffmann and Marvin Wißfeld went one step further. They integrated the exposure notification component of microG directly into the German Corona Warn App. This so-called Drop-In-Replacement enables even people who have neither the Google services nor their Free Software alternative microG installed, to use the CWA. In addition, as of today they are making the app available on F-Droid, an app store with exclusively Free Software. This is therefore also advantageous for those users who have installed microG or Google services, but prefer to obtain their software via F-Droid for security and convenience reasons.

microG main developer and FSFE supporter Marvin Wißfeld adds:

"The previous solution of installing microG is often out of the question for various reasons. But the new app from F-Droid,can also be run without problems on all current smartphones from, for example, Huawei some of which have been delivered without Google services since mid-2019. The German government and the RKI may have lost thousands of users of the Corona Warn App in recent months, as only Google and Apple users were targeted."

It is now up to the responsible bodies, the German government, the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) and their contractors SAP and T-Systems, to incorporate the changes into the main development branch, and thus to pull together with the Free Software community. In addition, this method can in principle also be used for Corona apps in other countries.

Free Software once again in a pioneering role

We see a familiar pattern here: the Free Software community presents a problem and a possible solution, but is turned away until volunteers solve the problem themselves with unpaid work and without official support. In this case, the resources of the authorties and companies involved would have easily sufficed to make these significant improvements themselves, or at least to support them. It is laudable that the CWA was consistently developed and published as Free Software from the very beginning, but it lacked the necessary consistency to remove technically and meanwhile unnecessary dependencies on proprietary software.

The FSFE appeals to governments and administrations to publish developed software as Free Software, to break dependencies on Google's and Apple's app stores and instead make their apps installable from independent sources like F-Droid, and to renounce proprietary dependencies. As Wißfeld explains, the Corona Warn App already offers concrete additional advantages in the fight against the pandemic:

"The free implementation has the potential - in the spirit of Free Software - for improvements that Google's proprietary interface does not allow. For example, it would be possible to display the time of a high risk encounter. This could - if the user voluntarily provides the data - help public health authorities to identify hotspots or clusters, or be used for statistical purposes to increase the effectiveness of protective measures."

We would like to thank all persons involved who made the use of the Corona App in Germany possible without having to accept any loss of software freedom.

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