One city in the UK has reduced recidivism rates by 15% by offering people charged with certain crimes the opportunity to participate in rehabilitation courses and win deferred prosecution.

This rehabilitation before prosecution is unusual, but US prisons used to provide rehabilitation programs for the convicted. That was eliminated in the 80s when US politicians found they could win elections by promising to be "tough". That is also how the US ended up with the world's highest percentage of population in prison.