The Brazilian supreme court rejected a right-wing attempt to deny indigenous groups' claims to ancestral lands from which they had already been kicked out before 1988.

1988 is not long ago. I think this decision is correct when an indigenous group was kicked out a few decades before 1988. But I worry that it could extend too far: it could result in evicting non-indigenous farmers from land that they have farmed for generations, replacing one wave of dispossessed with another. Situations like that call for compromise.

I wonder what other limits there are in the law regarding how many decades it takes for non-indigenous farmers' title to be valid.

Illegal gold miners should never get valid title.