Flaws in computer security on ships puts them in danger of collision or shipwreck.

I suggest that over-reliance on digital systems for the operation of a ship is a fundamental design flaw, which ought to be illegal. One ship was saved from disaster by having paper charts for backup. Every ship should be required to carry paper charts.

Redundancy of systems requires redefinition, too. Having another computer as backup is worthless if it is easy to take over both of them digitally.