Witnesses from Bucha report seeing Putin forces soldiers murder civilians with extreme cruelty.

These acts of cruelty do not indicate whether commanders encouraged the cruelty. Perhaps they did, perhaps they didn't. Many soldiers could have done these things on their own initiative, after hearing that other soldiers were doing it. Each soldier who intentionally shot at civilians committed a war crime, but without more evidence, we have no basis to pin responsibility on commanders or on Putin.

Planting mines is a different story. That takes effort and time, as well as specific training. I don't think many soldiers would have planted mines or booby traps _unless they were ordered to do that_.

Even if the commanders did not order soldiers to kill civilians, they have the responsibility to prosecute murderers in their ranks.